Machine for making taper tubes from hollow ingots



(No Modeln 2 sheets-sheen 1.

S. P. M. TASKER.

MAGHINBFOR MAKING TAPER TUBES PRO-M HOLLOW INGOTS- No. 331,577. Patented Deo. 1, 1885.

(No Mom.) Y 2 sneetswsheet 2.

S. P. M. TASKER.

V1111111111111: F011 MAKING TAPBB TUBES FROM HOLLOW INGOTS.

N. PETER Fhnlu-Lnhagnphnr, wnhingmn. D. Cf

, UNITI-inrY STATES 'PATENT Orricn.

v.To all whom t may concern:

`S'IEPHEN P. M. IASKER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR MAKING TAPER TUBES FRONT HOLLOW INGOTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 331,577, dated December 1, 1885.

Application filed Jnly21, 1885. Serial No. 172,191.

Beit known that I, STEPHEN P. M. TAsKER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Machines for Making Taper Tubes from Hollow Metal Ingots, of which the following is a specification. 1 Ihe object of my invention is the manufacture of a taper tube from a hollow tapering metal ingot by rolling, either hot or cold, by means of the machine hereinafter described, the said ingot down and out upon a taper mandrel at least of the required length of the 'tube to be formed, and the exterior coniiguration or form of which mandrel is such as it is desired that the tapering bore of the resultant taper tube should possess, thereby compacting and consolidating the substance of the metal of the ingot, thinning or reducing the latter in thickness, and elongating it and shaping it until the desired proportions are attained. The ingots which I employ are conico-cylindrie or of a hollow conico-cylindriform structure, of any metal, and either open at both ends, closed at the smaller end, or closedat the smaller end and provided through such-closed end with an aperture for thetraction-rod of a i ively numbered 165,695 and 165,696.

' Heretofore in the art of metal rolling two or more pairs or sets `of equal-sized concave-faced rolls, the two rolls constituting the respective sets or pairs of which, being placed the one over the other, have crossed each otherthat is to say, have been adjusted in such manner that vertical planes respectively projectedfrom their respective longitudinal axes have intersected each other at other than a right angle-have been, in successive disposition in the same machine, employed for rounding,

straightening, and sizing tubes and rods, the

saidV tubes or rods having been passed through the passes of the successive sets in a direction which may, for the purposes of explanation,

(No model.)

ybe described as right angular to a common imaginary longitudinal axis of each pair of rolls, or in a direction much more nearly right angular to than parallel with the longitudinal axis of each individual roll of each pair. In such a'machinc all of the rolls upon a given side of the line of feed of the rod have, moreover, been arranged in a common frame with their axes parallel, and all of the rolls upon the other side of said line of feed have like- Wise been arranged in another common frame, with their axes parallel, but angularl y disposed with respect to, or crossing, so to speak, the axes of the other series, the passes of all the sets having been of the same diameter, and a common simultaneous adjustment of all of the passes having been the only adjustment thereof possible. metal rolling two or three equal-sized rolls having concaveWorking-faces have been arranged ina suitable housing obliquely side by side or one over the other, or spirally, as it were, around a common central imaginary longitudinal axis of the set, so that the axes of the respective rolls forming each set have been inclined to each other in dierent planes, and each and all at an angle to the said common longitudinal axis, which is that of the article to be rolled, the said article having been introduced through a pass extending'longitudinally between or through, so to speak, the rolls, (which pass, as is well known, is an extended straight bearing obtained between the roll-faces in a line bisecting the angle of inclination of the rolls,) and the said machines, as such, having been employed for rolling, finishing, reducing, straightening, and smoothing rods, tubes, shafting,and other cylindrical or tubular articles which receive a spiral or combined rotary and progressive movement from the rolls,which not only form the article to a true cylindrical shape, but at the same time feed it forward.

I am not aware that sets of rolls arranged Heretofore, also, in the art of 7o in the foregoing manner have been arranged ICO fine the distinguishing characteristic ofthe two types to be the direction in which the article conico-cylindric steel cast ingot, by employing,

in connection with a series of sets of concavefaced rolls, the rolls of each of which sets cross each other and are positively driven, a taper mandrel adapted to be entered head or apex first and advanced through thepasses of the successive sets, the exterior configuration of which is that of the bore of the resultant tube upon which the ingot is placcd,which is adapted to be rotated about its longitudinal axis with the ingot upon it, and which is at least of the required length of the tube to be formed from said ingot, and also by employn ing, in connection with said mandrel and rolls means operating as the mandrel advances for so controlling the relative angular disposition of the axes of each pair of rolls that said rolls of each set are caused to gradually separate a distance sufficient to occasion the gradual diametric enlargement of the pass of each set as Y vportions of the mandrel of greater diameter progressively enter and advance through the passes of said sets, whereby the substance of the metal of the ingot is compacted and consolidated and the ingot itself thinned or reduced in thickness and elongated and shaped until the required proportions are attained.

Apparatus embodying a good form of my invention is represented in the accompanying drawings and described in this specication, the particular subject-matter claimed as novel being hereinafter definitely specified.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a top plan view of an apparatus conveniently embodying a good form of my improvements and containing a series of two sets 'of rolls, an ingot having a closed advance end being shown in position upon the mandrel, and undergoing reduction in its passage through the rolls in the direction of the arrow upon it. Fig. 2 is a central vertical longitudinal sectional elevation of the apparatus represented in Fig. 1, section being supposed in the plane of the dotted line .fr x of Fig. 1, and sight being taken in the direction of the arrows upon said line, the reduction of the ingot being also illustrated. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the apparatus of Fig. l, a portion of the roll-adj usting bars being broken away to exhibit construction. Fig. iis aleft-hand end elevational view of the apparatus represented in Fig. l, the rolls and the mandrel being, for clearer illustration, shown removed, and the roll-adjusting bars being also shown in section in the plane of their retaining -bolts. Fig. vi is a fragmentary face view of one of the rolls and a sectional elevation through one of its axleboxings, showing, also, aportion of oneof the cylindriform segments of the housing and of one of the roll-adjusting bars. The view is in the nature of an explanatory diagram, and is neither drawn to scale nor isometrically correct.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts. 1

In the drawings, A represents any suitable bed or foundation for supporting the housings within which the rolls are journaled. M is a taper mandrel, or mandrel which is to the extent of the length of the taper tube to be produced conico-cylindrical, and which is adapted to be rotated about its longitudinal axis by any convenient means-as, for instance, by being swiveled at its rear extremity7 in the mandrel frame or carriage. ingot upon the mandrel. C C are two longitudinally-extending parallel housings, vertically erected from the bed or foundation, and either cast solid therewith or bolted or otherwise secured thereto. The housings in the form of apparatus shown in the drawingsand it is to be borne in mind that the series may contain'a greater number of sets of rolls than twosupport two successively-placed Bis a conico-cylindric sets of rolls, the rolls of the first set of which are marked D, while the rolls of the second set are marked E. The rolls of each set are of the same size; but the rolls of the succeeding sets may, if desired, be successively more filled in or of increasing diameter. The two rolls of each set are respectively adjusted one above the other, and their axes, whatever for the time being be the relative angular disposition of the two rolls of a set, must always cross each other at an angle other than a right angle, and which is such as to cause the concave working-surfaces of the two rolls of a pair to always present in any angular relationship-mot, however, right angular-a pass which, when viewed from the end of the machine, is, whatever its diameter, practically circular. l

rlhe journaling or housing of each set of rolls and the means for controlling the set of IOO IOS

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each pair of rolls are preferably precisely IZO vature being the same in each, while the inner faces of said cylindrical segments of the housings are separated from each other a distance equal to the diameter of a circle an arc of which corresponds with the arc of their inner curved cylindrical faces-that is to say, a circle whose circumference is equal to that of the base of a supposed cylinder introduced vertically, so as to fill the space between the cylindrical segments of the housing. The curved inner walls of both the segmental portions c and c ,therefore,have a common central vertical axis,whieh is midway between them. The axles d ofthe rolls are preferably housed in, passed through, andjournaled within adjustable boxings or bearings F, which are respeotively litt-ed with respect to and adapted to have a `movement within reversely-disposed segmental ways H, formed in opposite pairs in the respective cylindrical segments of the housings, and two ot' which are as to each housing projected in what may be termed 4diagonaily-quartered relationship77 upon a common radius from. acommon center which is concentric with what I have characterized the common longitudinal axis of the rolls of the` set under consideration, and is conveniently about midway of the vertical depth ot' the said cylindrical segments, as will be more clearly understood by reference to the drawings. By virtue of these pairs ot' reverselydisposed segmental ways,within which either the axles ot' the rolls or their boxings are, as shown, ent-ered, the movement ofthe rolls ot' each pair for increasing or diminishing the diameter ot' their pass becomes both certain and easy.

A suitable arrangement or disposition ofthe segmental ways wfor the axle-boxings or the axles with respect to the cylindrii'orm segments of the housings is represented in the drawings, and will be easily understood by a reference thereto. The corresponding segmental ways in opposite cylindrical segments are, of course, diagonally opposite. rIhe ends ofthe axles, or,when boxings are employed, a part of the boxingaproject through their boxings beyond the outside faces ofthe cylindrical segments, and it is obvious, therefore, that if control is had of the said ends ofthe ailles the set of the rolls of each pair with respect to each other and the set of the airle-boxings with respect to their segmental ways can be controlled at will and the passes between the pairs of rolls be, in consequence, increased or diminished in diametric extent.

In order to simultaneously effectuate the predetermined movements ot' the rolls of all of the sets of rolls, I have devised the following convenient means for simultaneous adjustnlent. I IX are a pair of what I terni travcling standards, being vertically erected framing-posts conveniently provided with laterally-projecting base plates or toes i ix, which take under and have a movement with respect to longitudinaliy-eXtending overhung grooves, channels, or lateral gutters a a ,along the sides ot' the bed or foundation. Each pair ot' travcling standards is preferably connected by a top cross-bar, l', so that each pair of standards i is connected by the cross-bar to form a transing drive-bars J J X, which are of any desired length and preferably orp the length of the mandrel, and which are connected together by a traction-head, K, with respect to which the traction-rod m is swiveled. The traveling standards, Vconnecting top cross-bars, drivebars, and traction-head together constitute simply a convenient movable mandrel fra-ine or carriage, which is adapted by any suitable means to be caused as a connected whole to travel lengthwise of the bed or foundation and with` respect to the housings and rolls in either direction.

ln the drawings no representation is made ot' any means i'or occasioning the advance or retraction ot' the mandrel-trame, for the reason that l assume such representationto be unnecessary, because the various appliances in common use for actuating inandrels and mandrel-trames are wel l-linown to i ron-masters. I assume it, however, to be understood that any suitable mechanism is to be ap plied to the said carriage to occasion its advance and retreat at any predetermined speed.

Adj ustably supported conveniently with respect to the traveling standards are four rolladjusting77 bars, L, as I term them, two of which are applied at each side ofthe machine. These roll-adj listing bars are in effec-t grooved bars, they being provided with inturned iianges Z at top and bottom, so that each bar presents as to its entire longitudinal extent a groove within which is entered the projecting extremity of certain axles ot the rollsor a part ot the aXle-boXings. Thus all of, the axles or the boxings thereof of the upperrolls are respectively entered within the grooves of the two upper roll-adjusting bars, and all of the axles or the boxings thereof ot' the lower rolls are respectively entered within the grooves of the two lower roll-adj usting bars, substantially as shown in the drawings. The bars upon the side or back faces are provided with opposing pairs of lugs ZX, between which are contained, as in a housing, adjusting-nuts a, threaded upon adjusting-rods N, which are cut with both a right and a lelt handed screw-thread, and which are housed in threaded sockets ix, conveniently formed as a part of or connected with the traveling standards. Each ot the roll-adjusting bars is conveniently maintained against theinner side of the traveling standards upon the side of the frame upon which said bar happens to be by means ot' retainingbolts O, which pass through vertical slots P, formedin said standards. rlhe roll-adjusting bars, in whatever adjusted position they may be set, are a fixture with the traveling carriage and travel with it from end to end ofthe bed-plate and longitudinally past the housings. In the set of the parts each upper roll-adjusting bar and each lower roll-adj Listing bar is to be parallel with its opposite neighbor. It will therefore be readily understood that if the two upper roll-adjusting bars are given a slight pitch or downward inclination from front to rear, and the two lower roll-adj usting bars are similarly given an opposite pitch or upward inclination from front to rear, (which inclinations can readily be imparted by the adjustment of the adjusting-nuts n and retainingbolts 0,) and if the said inclinations happen to correspond with the diametrically-opposite surface-planes of the mandrel, the operation of said roll-adjusting bars upon the axles of the rolls will be such as in their advance with the mandrel frame or carriage to occasion the gradual separation of the two rolls of each pair or each set oi' rolls throughout the series, so that the pass of `cach set is automatically and gradually increased in diametric extent as the thicker portions of the mandrel advance through said passes. In the drawings I have represented such a convergence or inclination of the roll-adjusting bars as corresponds to the taper of the mandrel. It is obvious, however, that a greater or less inclination can be imparted at the will of the operative. By the original set of the roll-adjusting 'l bars the initial diametric extent of the passes of the sets can be, not only quickly and simulof the rolls, the said toothed wheels are in constant engagement, so that when rotation is imparted to one of them rotation in a contrary direction is also imparted to the other 5 and I also provide driving spur-wheels R upon shafts r, suitably journaled, preferably beneath the foundation of the machine, the teeth of which spur-wheels engage with the teeth of the lower toothed Wheels and occasion the rotation of the rolls to which they are applied in either direction at will. The housings constitute a most convenient framing; but the segmental ways may be formed independently of or supported separately from the said housings.

I-Iaving now described what I believe to be a convenient embodiment of my invention, and at the same time described the operation of the machine, it is proper for me to add that I believe myself to be the first to use a conicocylindriform mandrel the exterior contour of which is that of the desired bore of the tube, and which is of the length of the tube to be produced, and also capable of rotation about its longitudinal axis, in conjunction with a series of sets of positively-driven angularlydisposed or crossing concave-faced rolls, and in conjunction, also, with means for causing the gradual and predetermined approach and recession of the rolls of each pair or set, and the consequent gradual predetermined variance nal diameter of a tapering ingot placed upon the mandrel until said ingot becomes a tapering tube of the desired thickness of wall substance, which, it is to be observed, need not be uniform throughout the tube and of no greater length than the mandrel.

v It is of course obvious that while the housing for containing and the specic means for occasioning the simultaneous adjustment oi' the rolls which I have represented and described are well adapted for the purpose, yet that they are not essential to my-invention. The especial adjusting devices described or others operating to substantially the same result,'however, permit of the simultaneous adj ustment of the passes of all of the sets of rolls by a single movement or adjustment of the roll-adjusting bars, so as to accommodate the rolls to any size of ingot within their range or separation. While it is preferable that-the passes of the succeeding sets should successively diminish-that is to say, diminish in strict consecution, set by set, and without va.- riance, omission, or alternation-yet all the results which iiow from consecutive diminution may be obtained by making, for instance, two consecutive or adjoining sets of a given and the same diameter ot pass, by making the two immediately-succeeding consecutive or adjoining sets of a less but of the same diameter of pass, and by making the two farther immediately-succeeding consecutive or adjoining sets of a still less but of the same diameter of pass. This arrangement, or one kindred to it, the number or series of sets of similar diameter of pass employed not being vital, is not desirable, but it is manifestly embraced Within my invention, and the terms successive77 IOO or gradual diminution herein employed are l lnot to be understood as employed with literal exactness. j

The method of driving the rolls which I have represented is a good one, because it permits of their reversal to aid in backing out IIO the mandrel, and also of the driving of the different sets at different rates of speed.

The mandrel may be driven at a speed greater or less than that of the rolls, and is preferably driven by a power independent o the power employed to drive the rolls, and may of course be driven independently of the carriage or frame which drives the roll-avdjusting bars.

It is sometimes of advantage to increase the speed of each subsequent set of rolls to a degree necessary to take up what would otherwise be the undue stretching of the material.

The ingots may be rolled down either hot or cold.'

The spiral or rotary progressive motionto which the ingot on the mandrel, and with it the mandrel to which it for the time being adheres, is subjected prevents iinning or irregularities of any kind, and therefore tends to produce a uniformly-tapering and very marketable tube.

The mandrel may be extracted from the tube after rolling by stretching the tube, by loosening the mandrel, and by extracting the latter by any suitable means.

It is obvious that, if desired, the rolls may be set with passes of predetermined diameters, and the mandrel be operated independently of the carriage to which the roll-adj usting bars are connected, the latter being maintained in any fixed position, and the entire machine be thus employed for rolling cylindriform tubes.

It is proper for me to add that my machine without the `mandrel is well adapted for reducing the diameters of tapering tubes or rods, and, if desired, by a suitable adjustment of its several passes for rounding, straightening, and finishing such products, it being simply necessary for any such employment of said machine that the mandrel should be removed and the product to be operated upon be manipulated in its stead through the passes between the rolls.

I do not claim or seek herein to cover, in connection with sets of rolls of the character herein set forth, a conico-cylindric mandrel per se, nor yet the housingprovided with segmental ways, nor, again, the roll-adj ustin g contrivances, as I have made these features the subjects of claim in other applications which I have executed and filed contemporaneously with this application.

Having thus described my invention,I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. Inamachine for making taper tubes from hollow conico-cylindric metal ingots, the combination of a series of sets of concave-faced rolls, each of which sets consists of a pair of concave-faced rolls arranged with their axes inclined to each other, a conico-cylindric mandrel at least as long as the tube to be formed, and which is passed through the passes formed by the rolls of the successive sets in a direction right angular to the common axis of each pair or set of rolls, means for automatically occasioning variances in the angular disposition of the rolls, and consequently variances in the diametric extent of their reducing-passes, and mechanism for driving the rolls, substantially as set forth.

2. In a machine for making taper tubes from hollow conico-cylindric metal ingots, the combination of a series of sets of concave-faced rolls, each of which sets consists of a pair of concave-faced rolls arranged with their axes inclined to each other, a conico-cylindric mandrel at least as long as the tube to be formed, and adapted to be passed through the passes formed by the rolls of the successive sets in a direction right angular to the common axisof each pair or set of rolls, means for automatically occasioning variances in the angular disposition of the rolls, and consequently variances in the diametric extent of their reducing-passes, mechanism for driving the rolls, and means for causing the advance and retraction of the mandrel, substantially as set forth.

3. In a machine for making taper tubes from hollow conico-cylindric metal ingots, the com bination of a series of sets of concave-faced rolls, each of which sets 4consists of a pair of concave-faced rolls arranged with their axes inclined to each other, a conico-cylindric mandrel adapted to be rotated about its longitudinal axis7 at least as long as the tube to be formed, and adapted to be passed through the passes formed by the rolls in a direction right angular to the common axis of each pair or set of rolls, means for automatically occasioning variances in the angular disposition of the rolls, and consequently variances in the diametric extent of their reducing-passes, means for causing the advance and retraction of the mandrel, and mechanism for driving the rolls, substantially as set forth.

4. In a machine for making taper tubes from hollow conico-cylindric metal ingots, the combination of a series of sets of concave-faced rolls, each of which sets consists of a pair of concave-faced rolls arranged with their axes inclined to each other, a conico-cylindric mandrel at least as long as the tube to be formed, and which is passed through the passes formed by the rolls of the successive sets in a direction right angular to the common axis of each pair or set of rolls, housings for supporting said rolls, reversely-disposed segmental ways for the axles of the rolls, roll-adj ustin g bars, means for moving said roll-adjusting bars with respect to the housing, and means for driving the rolls, substantially as set forth.

5. In a machine for making taper tubes from hollow conico-cylindric metal ingots, the combination of a series of sets of concave-faced rolls, each of which sets consists of a pair of concave-faced rolls arranged with their axes inclined to each other, a conico-cylindric mandrel at least as long as the tube to be formed, and adapted to be passed through the passes formed by the rolls of the successive sets in a direction right angular to the common axis of each pair'or set of rolls, housings for supporting said rolls, reversely-disposed segmental ways for the axles of the rolls, roll-adjusting bars, a movable frame or carriage for carrying said roll-adjusting bars, means for simultaneously actuating the mandrel and the carriage or frame for the roll-adjusting bars, and means for driving the rolls, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 6th day of July, A. I). 1885.

STEPHEN P. M. TASKER.

In presence of- J. BoNsALL TAYLOR, WM. C. SrRAwBnrnen.'

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